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The Humane Slaughter Association (HSA) supports research, training, and development to improve the welfare of livestock during transport and slaughter. It provides technical information about handling and slaughter on its website, training for farmer staff and vets, advice to governments and industry, and funding of science and technology to make slaughter more humane.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hsa.org.uk/our-work-introduction/our-work )〕 HSA is the sister charity to Universities Federation for Animal Welfare.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ufaw.org.uk/internationaldevelopment.php )〕 ==History== In 1911, the Council of Justice to Animals (CJA) was created to improve the slaughter of livestock and address the killing of unwanted pets. Novelist Thomas Hardy was a member. In 1928, CJA merged with the Humane Slaughter of Animals Association to become the Council of Justice for Animals and the Humane Slaughter Association, which is most often called "the HSA."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hsa.org.uk/downloads/annual-reports-and-newsletters/News%202011.pdf )〕 In the early 1920s, HSA introduced and demonstrated a mechanical stunner, which led to the adoption of humane stunning "by 28 London boroughs and later by 494 other local authorities." HSA helped improve water, shelter, and handling conditions at animal markets. It lobbied for transporting cattle by train instead of on foot, and in 1941, rail lines were built to a major slaughterhouse for this reason.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hsa.org.uk/about/history-of-the-hsa )〕 HSA played a key role in passage of * UK's Slaughter of Animals Act 1933, requiring mechanical stunning of cows and electrical stunning of pigs〔 (The law excluded pig facilities without electricity, sheep, and Jewish/Muslim meat.) * UK's Slaughter of Animals (Pigs) Act 1954, which required mechanical stunning of pigs outside slaughterhouses〔 * Canada's 1960 humane-slaughter regulations, partially inspired by HSA's captive-bolt demonstrations in 1950〔 * UK's ban on live exports for slaughter in the early 1970s (reversed in 1975).〔 HSA was asked for its views on the UK Slaughterhouses Act 1958 and the Prevention of Cruelty and Hygiene Regulations. HSA was mentioned in the House of Lords debates over UK's Slaughter of Poultry Act 1967.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Humane Slaughter Association」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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